Can OSCE Cope with the Caucasus?

Lepagnot-Leca Françoise, Mignaval Pierre, Causse Jean-Pierre. N° 16 — CAUSSE Jean-Pierre. In: Témoins et acteurs des politiques de l'éducation depuis la Libération. Tome 4 - Inventaire de soixante-quatre entretiens. Paris : Institut national de recherche pédagogique, 2005. pp. 57-59. (Témoins et acteurs des politiques de l'éducation, 1

Inversion of a mapping associated with the Aomoto-Forrester system

This article is devoted to the study of a general class of Hamiltonian systems which extends the Calogero systems with external quadratic potential associated to any root system. The interest for such a class comes from a previous article of Aomoto and Forrester. We consider first the one-degree of freedom case and compute the Birkhoff series defined near each of its stationary points. In general, the analysis of the system motivates finding some expression for the inverses of a rational map introduced by Aomoto and Forrester. We derive here some diagrammatic expansion series for these inverses

Creationist Conceptions in 14 Countries. How to Teach Evolution to French Students Coming from Immigration?

International audienceEven in France, where creationist ideas are not widespread, more and more teachers are confronted to some difficulties when teaching the biological evolution, mainly with students coming from families immigrated from North Africa or Sub-Saharan Africa. In a first part, to better realize the conflict between the French culture and their African initial culture, we will present some results analyzing the creationist ideas of teachers in 14 countries (n = 5706), including France and 5 African countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Senegal and Burkina Faso). We will then analyze the creationist conceptions of 17-18 year old students in a high school of the suburb of Lyon (France) and the main epistemological and socio-cultural obstacles to learning evolution. We will finally present the new strategies of two teachers (biology and philosophy) to help their students to accept the idea that biological evolution is not in contradiction with their possible belief in God, science and religion being two distinct areas

La longue traîne : levier numérique de la diversité culturelle ?

Téléchargeable sur le site http://www.culture.gouv.fr/depsRapport pour le département Prospective du Ministère de la culture et de la communication.In 2004, the editor-in-chief of Wired magazine, Chris Anderson, first made the assumption that the internet was bringing together scattered markets for cultural products which had never hitherto been lucrative, due to their narrow market appeal. With sales of these products thus aggregated, he argued, they were now becoming profitable. Referred to as the Long Tail, this assumption proved persuasive and opened up new prospects for cultural-goods markets, promoting the idea that online sales could potentially increase cultural diversity. This article examines the initial research on the Long Tail assumption, drawing on the results of published academic works and two as-yet unpublished studies. The authors emphasize that, despite the appeal of this argument, the data only partially back up Chris Anderson's assumption.En 2004, le rédacteur en chef du magazine Wired, Chris Anderson, lance l'hypothèse que l'internet permet de rassembler virtuellement des publics dispersés pour des produits culturels qui ne sont jamais amortis, du fait de l'étroitesse de leurs marchés. L'agrégation des ventes de ces produits deviendrait alors rentable. Cette hypothèse, baptisée la longue traîne, a séduit et ouvert des perspectives nouvelles aux marchés des biens culturels, nourrissant l'idée que les sites de ventes en ligne constitueraient une chance pour la diversité culturelle. Le présent article fait le point, à partir des résultats de publications académiques et de deux études inédites, sur les premières vérifications de l'hypothèse de la longue traîne. Les auteurs soulignent que, malgré son caractère séduisant, les données ne confortent qu'à la marge l'hypothèse formulée par Chris Anderson

The effect of landscape complexity and microclimate on the thermal tolerance of a pest insect

Landscape changes are known to exacerbate the impacts of climate change. As such, understanding the combined effect of climate and landscape on agroecosystems is vital if we are to maintain the function of agroecosystems. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of agricultural landscape complexity on the microclimate and thermal tolerance of an aphid pest to better understand how landscape and climate may interact to affect the thermal tolerance of pest species within the context of global climate change. Meteorological data were measured at the landscape level, and cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi) sampled, from contrasting landscapes (simple and complex) in winter 2013/2014 and spring 2014 in cereal fields of Brittany, France. Aphids were returned to the laboratory and the effect of landscape of origin on aphid cold tolerance (as determined by CTmin ) was investigated. Results revealed that local landscape complexity significantly affected microclimate, with simple homogenous landscapes being on average warmer, but with greater temperature variation. Landscape complexity was shown to impact aphid cold tolerance, with aphids from complex landscapes being more cold tolerant than those from simple landscapes in both winter and spring, but with differences among species. This study highlights that future changes to land use could have implications for the thermal tolerance and adaptability of insects. Furthermore, not all insect species respond in a similar way to microhabitat and microclimate, which could disrupt important predator-prey relationships and the ecosystem service they provide

Design, implementation and experiment of a YeSQL Web Crawler

We describe a novel, "focusable", scalable, distributed web crawler based on GNU/Linux and PostgreSQL that we designed to be easily extendible and which we have released under a GNU public licence. We also report a first use case related to an analysis of Twitter's streams about the french 2012 presidential elections and the URL's it contains

La longue traîne : levier numérique de la diversité culturelle ?

En 2004, le rédacteur en chef du magazine Wired, Chris Anderson, lance l'hypothèse que l'internet permet de rassembler virtuellement des publics dispersés pour des produits culturels qui ne sont jamais amortis, du fait de l'étroitesse de leurs marchés. L'agrégation des ventes de ces produits deviendrait alors rentable. Cette hypothèse, baptisée la longue traîne, a séduit et ouvert des perspectives nouvelles aux marchés des biens culturels, nourrissant l'idée que les sites de ventes en ligne constitueraient une chance pour la diversité culturelle. Le présent article fait le point, à partir des résultats de publications académiques et de deux études inédites, sur les premières vérifications de l'hypothèse de la longue traîne. Les auteurs soulignent que, malgré son caractère séduisant, les données ne confortent qu'à la marge l'hypothèse formulée par Chris Anderson.

Why is there no impact of the host species on the cold tolerance of a generalist parasitoid?

For generalist parasitoids such as those belonging to the Genus Aphidius, the choice of host species can have profound implications for the emerging parasitoid. Host species is known to affect a variety of life history traits. However, the impact of the host on thermal tolerance has never been studied. Physiological thermal tolerance, enabling survival at unfavourable temperatures, is not a fixed trait and may be influenced by a number of external factors including characteristics of the stress, of the individual exposed to the stress, and of the biological and physical environment. As such, the choice of host species is likely to also have implications for the thermal tolerance of the emerging parasitoid. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of cereal aphid host species (Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Metopolophium dirhodum) on adult thermal tolerance, in addition to sex and size, of the aphid parasitoids Aphidius avenae, Aphidius matricariae and Aphidius rhopalosiphi. Results revealed no effect of host species on the cold tolerance of the emerging parasitoid, as determined by CTmin and Chill Coma, for all parasitoid species. Host species significantly affected the size of the emerging parasitoid for A. rhopalosiphi only, with individuals emerging from R. padi being significantly larger than those emerging from S. avenae, although this did not correspond to a difference in thermal tolerance. Furthermore, a significant difference in the size of male and female parasitoids was observed for A. avenae and A. matricariae, although, once again this did not correspond to a difference in cold tolerance. It is suggested that potential behavioural thermoregulation via host manipulation may act to influence the thermal environment experienced by the wasp and thus wasp thermal tolerance and, in doing so, may negate physiological thermal tolerance or any impact of the aphid host

Bethoncourt – Pré l’Épine et Champs Buisson

Le Pré l’Épine, localisé à l’ouest de la commune de Bethoncourt, en rive droite de la Lizaine, descend en pente douce vers un étang artificiel alimenté par des sources issues des collines calcaires situées au sud-ouest. C’est en contrebas de la route qu’une petite tranchée d’assainissement a recoupé une fosse-dépotoir protohistorique, dont le diamètre pourrait atteindre 2 m. La céramique recueillie, à paroi fine, est peu représentée, mais les urnes globuleuses à pâte grossière sont dominantes..